Research Magnetometers scan earth from space

Research Magnetometers scan earth from space

2013/11/25

Magnetometers from the CEA Leti lab in France are key to the European Space Agency’s three Swarm satellites, which will collect data about the Earth’s magnetic field in unprecedented detail.

“We developed an architecture that is free of the orientation effects common to standard scalar magnetometers based on magnetic resonance,” said Jean-Michel Léger, manager of Leti’s space ppplications programme. “These instruments represent the latest and most effective technology available to measure key characteristics of the magnetic field.”

The four-year mission will gather data that will make it possible to distinguish between the various sources of the magnetic field: the Earth’s core, mantle, crust and oceans, as well as the ionosphere and magnetosphere.

“These high-precision and high-resolution measurements will improve scientists’ understanding of the Earth’s magnetic-field structure, evolution and interaction with the solar wind,” said Leti. “Scientists hope the data also will shed light on why the magnetic field, which shields the Earth from cosmic radiation and harmful charged particles in the solar wind, is weakening.”

Leti absolute magnetometer. Copyright Astrium

Each satellite carries: a vector magnetometer to measure the components of the magnetic field in space, a stellar camera giving the orientation of the vector magnetometer in space, and a Leti-designed absolute scalar magnetometer (ASM) for measuring the intensity of the field “without drift or bias – without systematic error, and with unmatched precision and resolution”, said Leti. “The ASM’s ability, unique in the world, to simultaneously measure the direction of the field will also be implemented in an experimental mode.”

The absolute scalar magnetometers (see picture) are deployed on the end of 9m booms and rely on optically pumping helium4 atoms, which attain detectably-different energy levels depending on the local magnetic field.

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